Turbine.



G. BNGIsoH.

l 'TUBBINR s APPLICATION FILED IAB.. 7, 1910.

Pnaoct. v25, 1910.

2 SHEETS- SHEET 1.

- Figi G. ENG'ISGH.

TUBBINB. APPLIUTION FILED M AB. 7, i910.

:Famed 0011.25, 1910.

2 SHEETS-annu..

GUs'rAv ENGIscH, or BERLIN, GERMANY.V

TURBINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 25, 1910.

Application filed March 7, 1910. Serial No. 547,845.

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, GUsTAv ENGIsoH, a subject of the German Emperor, andresident of Berlin, Germany, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Turbines, of which the following is a specication.

This invention relates to a reversible turbine of that kind whereinchannels, which are helicoidally or obliquely directed with reference tothe longitudinal direction, cross themselves in the distributing bodyand in the rotor and which are driven by a liquid or gaseous drivingfluid.

The essential feature of this turbine consists in that the channelsinthe distributing body and in the rotor, instead of being extendedright from one side to the other of the said bodies, are all stopped inthe same annular plane, while fromthe same annular plane start newchannels in the same direction as the other ones in such a manner thatthe extreme points of the first named rows of channels do not registerwith the starting points of the beginning rows of channels, but areshifted to each other in the same annular plane. It is possible in thismanner to provide behind each other any desired number of rows ofchannels, the last rows of channels opening out at the end of the body.The annular plane, in which the channels of one row open out, orwherefrom starts a new row of channels, may be covered in the rotor by atightening ring provided with holes in which the channels open out orfrom which they start.

The ends of the rotor and distributing bodies are covered by rotaryslides provided with openings 7c adapted to register alternately withthe rotor channels and the distributing channels, and which may becontrolled, for the purpose of reversing the engine, by means of levers0. The relative positions of said openings is such that whenever theintake ports at one end of the rotor are open, those at the opposite endare closed, and that the exhaust ports are closed at the end in whichthe intake ports are open, whereby the driving fluid is caused to actrst in the rst set of rotor and distributing channels and thereafterflows through the following set. Owing to this arrangement, the drivingmedium is very favorably utilized and a slowly rotating turbine isobtained.

In the accompanying drawings: Figure l is a longitudinal section of aturbine provided with two sets of distributing and rotor channels. Fig.2 is an end elevation view of the distributing body and the rotor; Fig.3 is a longitudinal section of the distributing body of the turbineshown by Fig. 1. Fig. 4t is a longitudinal section of a turbine providedwith four sets of distributing and rotor channels.

'Ihe turbine compris-es the distributing body and the drum a, which isrigidly secured to the shaft b being connected therewith at each end bymeans of a cone shaped connecting member c. Provided on the periphery ofthe drum are channels Z having any desired section and any desiredcurvature. These channels instead of being extended rightY over theentire drum a only extend in the construction shown by Fig. 1 to themiddle of the drum and in the construction shown by Fig. l only up tothe fourth part thereof, while from the same annular plane in which endthe channels of the first set, the channels Z of the next set begin, thetwo sets of channels being angularly shifted with reference to eachother. The distributing body (cylindrical casing l) is also yprovidedwith a plurality of wound channels p which are also shifted withreference to each other and start from the saine annular plane, thesechannels being oppositely directed to the channels d of the drum a. Thenumber and length of the channels may be chosen at will.

As shown by the figures of the drawings a tightening ring e has beenprovided about the rotor channels Z so that these channels open out inholes f of this tightening ring. The tightening ring e is lixed on rotora and rotates within the casing Z. The openings f extend through thering c. The ring c has for its object to prevent the direct passage ofsteam, or other actuating fluid from one side of the rotor to the otherside. Consequently ring e must be applied tightly within the casing Z.The steam enters the channels 29 within the turbine casing Z, andpenetrates through the rotor channels d, which are disposed obliquelyrelatively to the channels p. Channels Z as seen from the drawings,extend under the ring e. where they open into apertures f of the ring e,whence the steam flows against casing wall Z; and, the rotor being inmotion, it enters the succeeding channel p of casing lZ, owing to theextremities of channels p being located above the apertures f of thetightening ring e which turns with rotor a. From channels y), steampasses into channel (l of the corresponding rotor side and escapeslaterally from the latter. Thus a direct communication between thedifferent channels does not exist. rlhe apertures f of the tighteningring e passing, when the rotor turns, over the extremities of channels pand the steam being able to enter the latter whereby the repulsiveaction of steam is made use of in a very important measure.

The driving medium for instance steam is admitted from a reversibleadmitting place c either from the right or from the left through thechannel it to the drum a. Provided between the drum and the cylindricalcasing Z is a slide z' which is provided with passagers 7c correspondingto the section of the distributing channels or of the rotor channels,this slide z' being connected by means of guide rods m with a ring n.The latter is rotatably mounted on shaft Z) and may be adjusted by meansof the lever 0. The slide z' is always adjusted in such a manner that onthe side where the steam is admitted, the passages la always leave freethe distributing channels while on that side where the driving mediumescapes the passages q always leave the rotor channels free.

The construction shown by Fig. 4: only differs from that shown by Fig. lin that the driving medimn instead of passing through two sets ofchannels must pass through four sets of same.

Any desired number of sets of channels may be arranged behind eachother.

lThe function of the turbine is as follows: The driving medium enteringthe turbine casing through the passages it after having passed throughthe suitably adjusted valve o, arrives in the annular space e, passesthrough the openings 7c into the distributing channels 79 and thereafteracts upon the rotor channels (Z of the drum a whereby thc latter isrotated. The driving medium escaping from the rotor channels d entersthrough the openings f of the tightening ring c into the distributingand rotor channels of the other side or of the other set. The drivingmedium may then escape at the ends of the set of channels (Z through theopenings (I of the slide i and through the valve w which has beenadjusted accordingly. To reverse the direction of the rotor, it is onlynecessary to properly adjust the intake and exhaust ports by means ofthe levers 0, and to reverse the flow of steam through the three-wayvalve r.

Having now fully described my said invention, what I claim and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is r* 1. In a reversible turbine thecombination with the distributing body and the rotor of a plurality ofhelicoidally arranged crossing channels provided in the saiddistributing body and rotor in such a manner that they do not extendover the entire length of the distributing body and rotor but are allstopped at an annular plane, another set of similar channels beginningin the same annular plane at other points than those where the first setopens out, the channels of the last set opening out at the ends of thedistributing body and of the rotor body, substantially as and for thepurpose set forth.

2. n a reversible turbine the combination with the distributing body andthe rotor of a plurality of crossing channels obliquely arranged withreference to the longitudinal direction of the turbine and provided inthe said distributing body and rotor in such a manner that they do notextend over the entire length of the said distributing body and rotorbut are stopped all at an annular plane, another set of 'similarchannels beginning in the same annular plane at other points than thosewhere the first set opens out, the channels of the last set opening outat the ends of the said distributing body and rotor, substantially asand for the purpose set forth.

3. In a reversible turbine the combination with the distributing bodyand the rotor of a plurality of crossing helicoidally or obliquelyarranged channels provided in the said distributing body and rotor, andopening out in one annular' plane, another similar set of channelsbeginning in the same plane, a tightening ring surrounding said annularplane of the rotor and having openings wherein open out the channels ofone set and openings wherefrom start channels of the next set,substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

4t. In a reversible turbine the combination with the distributing bodyand the rotor of a plurality of sets of crossing channels helicoidallyor obliquely arranged in the distributing body and the rotor, thechannels of the first set ending in one annular plane and those of thefollowing set starting from the same annular plane but at other placesthereof, the first set of channels beginning at one end of thedistributing and rotor body while the last set opens out at the otherside of the said distributing and rotorbodies, means for covering on theinlet side of the driving medium the channels of the rotor and on theescape side the channels of said distributing body, substantially as andfor the purpose set forth.

5. In a reversible turbine the combination with the distributing bodyand the rotor of a plurality of sets of crossing channels providedobliquely or helicoidally in the said distributing body and rotor thechannels of one set opening out in one annular plane and the channels ofthe next set beginning in the same annular plane but atI other placesdistributing body at the escape side and 10 means for actuating saidslides, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of twoWitnesses.

GUSTAV ENGISCH.

thereof, a rotary slide arranged in front of the admission end andanother in front of the escape end of said distributing body and rotor,both slides being provided with openings corresponding to the channelsof the said distributing body and rotor and being adapted torespectively cover the channels of lVitnesses: the rotor at the inletside of the driving WOLDEMAR HAUPT,

HENRY HASPER.

medium and to cover the channels of the f

